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Unlike multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, multifocal choroiditis is a chronic disorder and macular scarring contributes to severe visual loss. Theories regarding the cause include an exogenous pathogen sensitizing an individual to antigens within photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, or choroid. [2] [6]
Serpiginous choroiditis, also known as geographic helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy (GHPC), is a rare, chronic, progressive, and recurrent bilateral inflammatory disease involving the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the choriocapillaries, and the choroid. [1] It affects adult men and women equally in the second to seventh decades of life. [2]
Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye. It is a form of posterior uveitis.Inflammation of these layers can lead to vision-threatening complications.
Serpiginous, first known to be used in the 15th century, is a term from Latin serpere (“to creep”), usually referring to a creeping, snakelike or slowly progressive skin disease. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Toxoplasma chorioretinitis, more simply known as ocular toxoplasmosis, is possibly the most common cause of infections in the back of the eye (posterior segment) worldwide. The causitive agent is Toxoplasma gondii, and in the United States, most cases are acquired congenitally. The most common symptom is decreased visual acuity in one eye.
The etiology of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome is currently unknown but two potential origins have been postulated. Gass, et. al. suggests a virus invades retinal photoreceptors through cell-to-cell transmission via either the ora serrata or optic disc margin. [3]
Birdshot chorioretinopathy, now commonly named birdshot uveitis or HLA-A29 uveitis, [1] is a rare form of bilateral posterior uveitis affecting both eyes.It causes severe, progressive inflammation of both the choroid and retina.
Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP) is an inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, affecting the choroid, retina, and vitreous of the eye that presents asymmetrically, most often in young myopic women with photopsias, enlargement of the physiologic blind spot and decreased vision. [citation needed]