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The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
Because SNMP is designed to allow administrators to monitor and configure network devices remotely it can also be used to penetrate a network. A significant number of software tools can scan the entire network using SNMP, therefore mistakes in the configuration of the read-write mode can make a network susceptible to attacks.
It operates over TCP and UDP port 3702 and uses IP multicast address 239.255.255.250 or ff02::c. As the name suggests, the actual communication between nodes is done using web services standards, notably SOAP-over-UDP. Various components in Microsoft's Windows Vista operating system use WS-Discovery, e.g. "People near me".
Many TCP/IP software stack implementations provide options to use hardware assistance to automatically compute the checksum in the network adapter prior to transmission onto the network or upon reception from the network for validation. This may relieve the OS from using precious CPU cycles calculating the checksum.
NetFlow is a feature that was introduced on Cisco routers around 1996 that provides the ability to collect IP network traffic as it enters or exits an interface. By analyzing the data provided by NetFlow, a network administrator can determine things such as the source and destination traffic, class of service, and the causes of congestion.
Zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) is a set of technologies that automatically creates a usable computer network based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) when computers or network peripherals are interconnected. It does not require manual operator intervention or special configuration servers.
The standard also defines an alerting mechanism for the system to send a simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) platform event trap (PET). The monitored system may be powered off, but must be connected to a power source and to the monitoring medium, typically a local area network (LAN) connection. IPMI can also function after the operating ...
Authentication takes place on UDP port 153. Some examples of things that can be monitored are listed below. Network Type for interfaces: IEEE 802.3 MAC, IEEE 802.4 MAC, IEEE 802.5 MAC, Ethernet , ProNET-80, ProNET-10, FDDI , X.25 , Point-to-Point Serial, RPA 1822 HDH, ARPA 1822, AppleTalk , StarLAN