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The ounce (/ ˈaʊns /) is any of several different units of mass, weight, or volume and is derived almost unchanged from the uncia, an Ancient Roman unit of measurement. The avoirdupois ounce (exactly 28.349523125 g) is ⁄16 avoirdupois pound; this is the United States customary and British imperial ounce. It is primarily used in the United ...
The US fluid ounce is based on the US gallon, which in turn is based on the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches that was used in the United Kingdom prior to 1824. With the adoption of the international inch, the US fluid ounce became ⁄128 gal × 231 in 3 /gal × (2.54 cm/in) 3 = 29.5735295625 mL exactly, or about 4% larger than the imperial unit.
The units of cubic length (the cubic inch, cubic foot, cubic mile, etc.) are the same in the imperial and US customary systems, but they differ in their specific units of volume (the bushel, gallon, fluid ounce, etc.). The US customary system has one set of units for fluids and another set for dry goods.
Troy weight, avoirdupois weight, and apothecaries' weight are all built from the same basic unit, the grain, which is the same in all three systems. However, while each system has some overlap in the names of their units of measure (all have ounces and pounds), the relationship between the grain and these other units within each system varies.
Such scales are used to make the most accurate of fine measurements, such as in the needs of empirical chemistry. Avoirdupois (/ ˌævərdəˈpɔɪz, ˌævwɑːrdjuːˈpwɑː /; [1] abbreviated avdp.) [2] is a measurement system of weights that uses pounds and ounces as units. [3][4] It was first commonly used in the 13th century AD and was ...
Cooking weights and measures. Measuring spoons (metric) – 1 mL, 5 mL, 15 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL, 125 mL. Measuring spoons (customary units) In recipes, quantities of ingredients may be specified by mass (commonly called weight), by volume, or by count. For most of history, most cookbooks did not specify quantities precisely, instead talking of "a ...
Imperial and US customary measurement systems. Cincinnati Customs House c. 1850–60. Governments were one of the earliest users of weights and measures – often for the purpose of tax collection. In the United States the US Treasury rather than Congress took the lead in establishing a standard system of weights and measures.
The various systems of weights and measures used in Portugal until the 19th century combine remote Roman influences with medieval influences from northern Europe and Islam.The Roman and northern European influences were more present in the north. The Islamic influence was more present in the south of the country.