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One of the key steps in lean process and TPS is to identify which activities add value and which do not, then to progressively work to improve or eliminate them. Taiichi Ohno, "father" of the Toyota Production System, originally identified seven forms of muda or waste: [6] Seven types of waste identified in lean manufacturing
Lean enterprise is a practice focused on value creation for the end customer with minimal waste and processes. [4] The term has historically been associated with lean manufacturing and Six Sigma (or Lean Six Sigma) due to lean principles being popularized by Toyota in the automobile manufacturing industry and subsequently the electronics and internet software industries.
Lean Six Sigma is a synergized managerial concept of Lean and Six Sigma. [6] Lean traditionally focuses on eliminating the eight kinds of waste ("muda"), and Six Sigma focuses on improving process output quality by identifying and removing the causes of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in (manufacturing and business) processes.
Lean measures both the process of design and the design results. [25] Measures drive the design for lean manufacturing culture and promote continuous improvement. [26] Toyota's lean product development process is elusive but not impossible to understand. [27] It cannot be imported in parts as is the case with the Toyota Production System.
Lean product development (LPD) is an approach to product development that specializes in minimizing waste. Other core principles include putting people over the product and creating new values in services and physical products. [1] This method of product development has been adopted by companies such as Toyota
Lean IT is the extension of lean manufacturing and lean services principles to the development and management of information technology (IT) products and services. Its central concern, applied in the context of IT, is the elimination of waste, where waste is work that adds no value to a product or service.
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Lean project management is the application of lean concepts such as lean construction, lean manufacturing and lean thinking to project management. [1] [2]Lean project management has many ideas in common with other lean concepts; however, the main principle of lean project management is delivering more value [3] with less waste in a project context.