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Coffee (especially Coffea arabica) is a small tree or shrub that grows in forests in its wild form, and was traditionally grown for commercial purposes under other trees that provided shade. Since the mid-1970s, [ 1 ] new sun-tolerant trees and shrubs have been developed in response to fungal disease presence, especially coffee leaf rust ...
To piece together arabica coffee’s past, researchers studied genomes of C. canephora, another parent called Coffea eugenioides, and more than 30 different arabica plants, including a sample from ...
Coffea arabica (/ ə ˈ r æ b ɪ k ə /), also known as the Arabica coffee, is a species of flowering plant in the coffee and madder family Rubiaceae.It is believed to be the first species of coffee to have been cultivated and is the dominant cultivar, representing about 60% of global production. [2]
The montane rain forests in southeast Ethiopia, the birthplace of wild Coffea arabica, were the origin of a large part of modern commercially used Coffea breeds. Due to the dwindling size of the montane rain forests as a result of clearing, the precious resource of wild Arabica coffee, and the genetic diversity it contains, is increasingly threatened.
The two most popular are Coffea arabica (commonly known simply as "Arabica"), which accounts for 60–80% of the world's coffee production, and Coffea canephora (known as "Robusta"), which accounts for about 20–40%. [2] [3] C. arabica is preferred for its sweeter taste, while C. canephora has a higher caffeine content.
It belongs to the species Coffea arabica, of the Typica variety. It is one of the main crops of farmers in the province of Benguet, which has a climate highly suitable for arabica cultivation. [1] Benguet coffee is listed in the Ark of Taste international catalogue of endangered heritage foods by the Slow Food movement. [2]
Shade-grown coffee (typically with Coffea arabica in Mexico) provisions critical ecosystem services: pollination and hydrological services, wildlife habitat, and pest and erosion control. [53] It has been estimated that 60–70% of coffee production in Mexico is grown under shade by a diversity of tree species. [ 54 ]
Until recently, the taxonomic description and position of C. kahawae was a subject of great confusion. From the range of Colletotrichum spp. that are isolated from coffee plants, four groups were initially described based on their morphological traits: CCM (C. coffeanum mycelial), CCA (C. coffeanum acervuli), CCP (C. coffeanum pink) and the Coffee berry disease (CBD) strain. [6]