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The effect of the contrast transfer function can be seen in the alternating light and dark rings (Thon rings), which show the relation between contrast and spatial frequency. The contrast transfer function (CTF) mathematically describes how aberrations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) modify the image of a sample.
The phase-contrast microscope made it possible for biologists to study living cells and how they proliferate through cell division. It is one of the few methods available to quantify cellular structure and components without using fluorescence. [1] After its invention in the early 1930s, [2] phase-contrast microscopy proved to be such an ...
In the field of transmission electron microscopy, phase-contrast imaging may be employed to image columns of individual atoms; a more common name is high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It is the highest resolution imaging technique ever developed, and can allow for resolutions of less than one angstrom (less than 0.1 nanometres).
The use of diffraction patterns as a function of position dates back to the earliest days of STEM, for instance the early review of John M. Cowley and John C. H. Spence in 1978 [2] or the analysis in 1983 by Laurence D. Marks and David J. Smith of the orientation of different crystalline segments in nanoparticles. [3] Later work includes the ...
The high contrast which is seen in WBDF images makes this technique especially useful in comparison to BF and DF since it provides more precise defect analysis. This can help to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze stacking faults , Burgers vectors , and even 3D reconstruction of dislocation networks in a specimen.
Microscope image processing is a broad term that covers the use of digital image processing techniques to process, analyze and present images obtained from a microscope. Such processing is now commonplace in a number of diverse fields such as medicine , biological research , cancer research , drug testing , metallurgy , etc.
Interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) refers to a class of methods that detect and image a subwavelength object by interfering the light scattered by it with a reference light field. The underlying physics is shared by other conventional interferometric methods such as phase contrast or differential interference contrast , or reflection ...
After its introduction in the 1940s, live-cell imaging rapidly became popular using phase-contrast microscopy. [11] The phase-contrast microscope was popularized through a series of time-lapse movies (see video), recorded using a photographic film camera. [12] Its inventor, Frits Zernike, was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1953. [13]