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Diving reflex in a human baby. The diving reflex, also known as the diving response and mammalian diving reflex, is a set of physiological responses to immersion that overrides the basic homeostatic reflexes, and is found in all air-breathing vertebrates studied to date.
Snorkel breathing is inherently negative pressure breathing, as the lungs of the swimmer are at least partly below the surface of the water. [16] There appears to be a connection between negative pressure breathing and a higher risk of pulmonary oedema while diving, as it increases the pressure difference between alveolar blood and gas. [95]
The physiology of underwater diving is the physiological adaptations to diving of air-breathing vertebrates that have returned to the ocean from terrestrial lineages. They are a diverse group that include sea snakes, sea turtles, the marine iguana, saltwater crocodiles, penguins, pinnipeds, cetaceans, sea otters, manatees and dugongs.
A negative, unbalanced pressure is known as a squeeze, crushing eardrums, dry suit, lungs or mask inwards and can be equalised by putting air into the squeezed space. A positive unbalanced pressure expands internal spaces rupturing tissue and can be equalised by letting air out, for example by exhaling. Both may cause barotrauma.
Of the 13 different otter species in the world, only sea otters have been spotted making rafts by holding paws. River otters , for example, don’t sleep in the water but find shelter on land ...
For example, it can be important for understanding the knock-on effects of removing top predators from food webs, as humans have done in many places through hunting and fishing. A top-down cascade is a trophic cascade where the top consumer/predator controls the primary consumer population. In turn, the primary producer population thrives.
A rare and unusually powerful strain of a parasite commonly found in cat feces killed four otters on the California coast, a finding researchers described Wednesday as unprecedented and ...
A 2011 review by the IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group showed that otter attacks reported between 1875 and 2010 occurred most often in Florida, where human and otter populations have substantially increased since 2000, with the majority involving the North American otter. At least 42 instances of attack were found, including one resulting in ...