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  2. Syllogism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism

    Bacon proposed a more inductive approach to the observation of nature, which involves experimentation, and leads to discovering and building on axioms to create a more general conclusion. [9] Yet, a full method of drawing conclusions in nature is not the scope of logic or syllogism, and the inductive method was covered in Aristotle's subsequent ...

  3. Transcendental argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental_argument

    Second, skeptics object to the use of transcendental arguments to draw conclusions about the nature of the world by claiming that even if a person does know the nature of his or her experiences, that person cannot know that the reasoning from these experiences to conclusions about the world is accurate. [10]

  4. Critical thinking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking

    Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]

  5. Reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason

    Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. [1] It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, religion, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans.

  6. Inductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_reasoning

    Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which broad generalizations or principles are derived from a set of observations. [1] [2] Unlike deductive reasoning (such as mathematical induction), where the conclusion is certain, given the premises are correct, inductive reasoning produces conclusions that are at best probable, given the evidence provided.

  7. Inference - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inference

    That is, the word "valid" does not refer to the truth of the premises or the conclusion, but rather to the form of the inference. An inference can be valid even if the parts are false, and can be invalid even if some parts are true. But a valid form with true premises will always have a true conclusion.

  8. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    It is about making judgments and drawing conclusions after careful evaluation and contrasts in this regard with uncritical snap judgments and gut feelings. [17] Other core skills linked to logical reasoning are to assess reasons before accepting a claim and to search for new information if more is needed to reach a reliable conclusion.

  9. Argument from reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_reason

    1. Since everything in nature can be wholly explained in terms of nonrational causes, human reason (more precisely, the power of drawing conclusions based solely on the rational cause of logical insight) must have a source outside of nature. 2. If human reason came from non-reason it would lose all rational credentials and would cease to be ...