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Gladius, showing measurement of rachis and vane. The gladius (pl.: gladii), or pen, is a hard internal bodypart found in many cephalopods of the superorder Decapodiformes (particularly squids) and in a single extant member of the Octopodiformes, the vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis). [1]
Histioteuthis heteropsis, known as the strawberry squid, is a species of small cock-eyed squid. [2] The scientific nomenclature of these squid stems from their set of differently sized eyes, one being small and blue and the other being large and yellow.
Squids do not have the longitudinal muscles that octopus do. Instead, they have a tunic. [81] This tunic is made of layers of collagen and it surrounds the top and the bottom of the mantle. Because they are made of collagen and not muscle, the tunics are rigid bodies that are much stronger than the muscle counterparts.
Uroteuthis is a genus of 14 species of common inshore squids of the Indo-West Pacific and is further subdivided into 3 subgenera. The members of the genus Uroteuthis are the only squids of the family Loliginidae that possess photophores (light-emitting organs) and all species in the genus have a pair of photophore organs on the ventral surface of their ink sac either side of their intestine.
Cephalopods exhibit various dermal structures on their mantles and other parts. These may take the form of conspicuous warts, cushions, papillae or scales, though in many species they are microscopic tubercles. [4] The most elaborate forms are found among the oceanic squid of the order Teuthida. [1] [5]
The adductor muscles have been cut, the valves are gaping. The internal anatomy is visible, including the paired siphons to the right A siphon is an anatomical structure which is part of the body of aquatic molluscs in three classes : Gastropoda , Bivalvia and Cephalopoda (members of these classes include saltwater and freshwater snails , clams ...
Some older fossils have been described from the Devonian, [4] but paleontologists disagree about whether they are coleoids. [5] Other cephalopods with internal shells, which could represent coleoids but may also denote the independent internalization of the shell, are known from the Silurian . [ 6 ]
The Caribbean reef squid is the only squid species commonly sighted by divers over inshore reefs in the Florida, Bahamas and Caribbean regions. They are also found around Brazilian reef habitats, due to a symbiotic relationship in which the squid protect juvenile fish from open-ocean predators. [5]