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  2. Common good (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_good_(economics)

    Wild fish are an example of common goods. They are non-excludable, as it is impossible to prevent people from catching fish. They are, however, rivalrous, as the same fish cannot be caught more than once. Common goods (also called common-pool resources [1]) are defined in economics as goods that are rivalrous and non-excludable. Thus, they ...

  3. Rivalry (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivalry_(economics)

    A good is considered non-rivalrous or non-rival if, for any level of production, the cost of providing it to a marginal (additional) individual is zero. [2] A good is "anti-rivalrous" and "inclusive" if each person benefits more when other people consume it. A good can be placed along a continuum from rivalrous through non-rivalrous to anti ...

  4. Public good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_good

    Club goods: are the goods that are excludable but are non-rivalrous such as private parks. Mixed good: final goods that are intrinsically private but that are produced by the individual consumer by means of private and public good inputs. The benefits enjoyed from such a good for any one individual may depend on the consumption of others, as in ...

  5. Excludability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excludability

    In economics, a good, service or resource is broadly assigned two fundamental characteristics; a degree of excludability and a degree of rivalry. Excludability was originally proposed in 1954 by American economist Paul Samuelson where he formalised the concept now known as public goods, i.e. goods that are both non-rivalrous and non-excludable. [1]

  6. Club good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_good

    Club goods (also artificially scarce goods, toll goods, collective goods or quasi-public goods) are a type of good in economics, [1] sometimes classified as a subtype of public goods that are excludable but non-rivalrous, at least until reaching a point where congestion occurs. Often these goods exhibit high excludability, but at the same time ...

  7. Goods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods

    The additional definition matrix shows the four common categories alongside providing some examples of fully excludable goods, Semi-excludable goods and fully non-excludeable goods. Semi-excludable goods can be considered goods or services that a mostly successful in excluding non-paying customer, but are still able to be consumed by non-paying ...

  8. Anti-rival good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-rival_good

    The more people share an anti-rival good, the more utility each person receives. Examples include software and other information goods created through the process of commons-based peer production . An anti-rival good meets the test of a public good because it is non-excludable (freely available to all) and non-rival (consumption by one person ...

  9. Common-pool resource - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common-pool_resource

    In economics, open access resources are, for the most part, rivalrous, non-excludable goods. This makes them similar to common goods during times of prosperity. Unlike many common goods, open access goods require little oversight or may be difficult to restrict access. [ 5 ]