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These groups together are often inaccurately called dioxins. They are known developmental toxicants, and suspected human carcinogens . PCDFs tend to co-occur with polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs).
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the reference chemical to which the toxicity of other dioxins and DLCs are compared. TCDD is the most toxic DLC known. Other dioxins and DLCs are assigned a scaling factor, or TEF, in comparison to TCDD. TCDD has a TEF of 1.0. Sometimes PCB 126 is also used as a reference chemical, with a TEF of 0.1.
The resulting combustion produced a highly toxic mixture of PCBs, dioxins and furans, which was included in the feed produced and subsequently fed to a large number of pigs. [ 88 ] According to data in 2009, [ 89 ] in 2005 the production of dioxin by the steel industry ILVA in Taranto ( Italy ) accounted for 90.3 per cent of the overall Italian ...
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are a group of chemical compounds that are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. They are mostly by-products of burning or various industrial processes or, in the case of dioxin-like PCBs and PBBs, unwanted minor components of intentionally produced mixtures. [1] [2]
Incineration and accidental fires can create corrosive byproducts such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid, and poisons like halogenated dioxins and furans. Species of Desulfitobacterium are being investigated for their potential in the bioremediation of halogenic organic compounds. [8]
Dibenzofuran is a relatively non-toxic compound as evidenced by rats being unaffected after a 200-day diet consisting of 0.025 – 0.4% of DBF. [1] The polychlorinated dibenzofurans are however among the potentially toxic dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.
Usually a mixture of dioxin-like compounds is produced, [3] therefore a more thorough treatise is under dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. The greatest production occurs from waste incineration, metal production, and fossil-fuel and wood combustion. [47] Dioxin production can usually be reduced by increasing the combustion temperature.
Noncoplanar PCBs, with chlorine atoms at the ortho positions can cause neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects, but only at concentrations much higher than those normally associated with dioxins. However, as they are typically found at much higher levels in biological and environmental samples they also pose health concerns, particularly to ...