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  2. Checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

    The content of such spam may often vary in its details, which would render normal checksumming ineffective. By contrast, a "fuzzy checksum" reduces the body text to its characteristic minimum, then generates a checksum in the usual manner. This greatly increases the chances of slightly different spam emails producing the same checksum.

  3. Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Checksum...

    Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse (also referred to as DCC) is a method of spam email detection. The basic logic in DCC is that most spam mails are sent to many recipients. The same message body appearing many times is therefore bulk email. DCC identifies bulk email by calculating a fuzzy checksum on it and sending that to a DCC server. The ...

  4. Fuzzy hashing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_hashing

    Fuzzy hashing, also known as similarity hashing, [1] is a technique for detecting data that is similar, but not exactly the same, as other data. This is in contrast to cryptographic hash functions , which are designed to have significantly different hashes for even minor differences.

  5. Fuzzing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzing

    A checksum is computed over the input data and recorded in the file. When the program processes the received file and the recorded checksum does not match the re-computed checksum, then the file is rejected as invalid. Now, a fuzzer that is unaware of the CRC is unlikely to generate the correct checksum.

  6. Fuzzy extractor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_extractor

    Fuzzy extractors are a method that allows biometric data to be used as inputs to standard cryptographic techniques, to enhance computer security. "Fuzzy", in this context, refers to the fact that the fixed values required for cryptography will be extracted from values close to but not identical to the original key, without compromising the security required.

  7. Rolling hash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_hash

    A rolling hash (also known as recursive hashing or rolling checksum) is a hash function where the input is hashed in a window that moves through the input.. A few hash functions allow a rolling hash to be computed very quickly—the new hash value is rapidly calculated given only the old hash value, the old value removed from the window, and the new value added to the window—similar to the ...

  8. Apache SpamAssassin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_SpamAssassin

    Apache SpamAssassin is a Perl-based application (Mail::SpamAssassin in CPAN) which is usually used to filter all incoming mail for one or several users.It can be run as a standalone application or as a subprogram of another application (such as a Milter, SA-Exim, Exiscan, MailScanner, MIMEDefang, Amavis) or as a client (spamc) that communicates with a daemon (spamd).

  9. Merkle tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree

    A hash tree is a tree of hashes in which the leaves (i.e., leaf nodes, sometimes also called "leafs") are hashes of data blocks in, for instance, a file or set of files. . Nodes farther up in the tree are the hashes of their respective chi