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In anatomy, the venae cavae (/ ˈ v iː n i ˈ k eɪ v i /; [1] sg.: vena cava / ˈ v iː n ə ˈ k eɪ v ə /; from Latin 'hollow veins') [2] are two large veins (great vessels) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart. In humans they are the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, and both empty into the right atrium ...
Occasionally, the eustachian valve crosses the floor of the right atrium from the orifice of the IVC and inserts into the lower portion of the interatrial septum adjacent to the atrioventricular valves. [2] However, higher insertion of a giant eustachian valve, which mimics the echocardiographic appearance of divided right atrium, is very rare.
Because the inferior vena cava is located to the right of the midline, drainage of the tributaries is not always symmetrical. On the right, the gonadal veins and suprarenal veins drain into the inferior vena cava directly. [1] On the left, they drain into the renal vein which in turn drains into the inferior vena cava. [1]
There is a valve at the junction of the inferior vena cava (one of the great vessels) and the right atrium known as the valve of inferior vena cava also known as the eustachian valve. This valve is an embryological remnant and is insignificant in the adult. However, when persistent it can cause problems. [26]
No valve divides the superior vena cava from the right atrium. The superior vena cava is made up of three layers, starting with the innermost endothelial tunica intima . The middle layer is the tunica media , composed of smooth muscle tissue, and the outermost and thickest layer is the tunica adventitia , composed of collagen and elastic ...
The azygos vein transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava.. It is formed by the union of the ascending lumbar veins with the right subcostal veins at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, ascending to the right of the descending aorta and thoracic duct, passing behind the right crus of diaphragm, anterior to the vertebral ...
These veins merge to form the superior vena cava, a great vessel, posterior to the junction of the first costal cartilage with the manubrium of the sternum. [ 3 ] The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava .
Finally, the left and right brachiocephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava, which delivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart. [2] The jugular vein has tributaries consisting of petrosal sinus , facial , lingual , pharylingual, the thyroid , and sometimes the occipital vein .