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Veins close to the surface of the skin appear blue for a variety of reasons. The factors that contribute to this alteration of color perception are related to the light-scattering properties of the skin and the processing of visual input by the visual cortex, rather than the actual colour of the venous blood which is dark red. [6]
Though veins might make it appear as such, human blood is never naturally blue. [3] The blue appearance of surface veins is caused mostly by the scattering of blue light away from the outside of venous tissue if the vein is at 0.5 mm deep or more. Veins and arteries appear similar when skin is removed and are seen directly. [4] [5]
In a technique known as blue field entoptoscopy, the effect is used to estimate the blood flow in the retinal capillaries.The patient is alternatingly shown blue light and a computer generated picture of moving dots; by adjusting the speed and density of these dots, the patient tries to match the computer generated picture to the perceived entoptic dots.
In vertebrates, the circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the body. [1] [2] It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek kardia meaning heart, and Latin vascula meaning vessels).
White veins in dark rock at Imperia, Italy. In geology, a vein is a distinct sheetlike body of crystallized minerals within a rock. Veins form when mineral constituents carried by an aqueous solution within the rock mass are deposited through precipitation. The hydraulic flow involved is usually due to hydrothermal circulation. [1]
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Internal cerebral veins. Basal vein; Great cerebral vein; Veins of brainstem; Cerebellar veins; Orbital veins Superior ophthalmic vein. Nasofrontal vein; Ethmoidal veins; Lacrimal vein; Vorticose veins; Ciliary veins; Central retinal vein; Episcleral vein; Inferior ophthalmic vein; Azygos vein. Posterior intercostal veins. Intervertebral vein ...
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