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The Gettier problem, in the field of epistemology, is a landmark philosophical problem concerning the understanding of descriptive knowledge.Attributed to American philosopher Edmund Gettier, Gettier-type counterexamples (called "Gettier-cases") challenge the long-held justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge.
Richard Ladd Kirkham (born June 18, 1955) is an American philosopher.Among his published works are Theories of Truth (his most-cited work, published by MIT Press in 1992), [1] "Does the Gettier Problem Rest on a Mistake?"
Gettier's examples hinged on instances of epistemic luck: cases where a person appears to have sound evidence for a proposition, and that proposition is in fact true, but the apparent evidence is not causally related to the proposition's truth. In response to Gettier's article, numerous philosophers [3] have offered modified criteria for ...
Edmund Lee Gettier III (/ ˈ ɡ ɛ t i ər /; October 31, 1927 – March 23, 2021) was an American philosopher at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.He is best known for his article written in 1963: "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?", [1] which has generated an extensive philosophical literature trying to respond to what became known as the Gettier problem.
One of the earliest suggested replies to Gettier, and perhaps the most intuitive ways to respond to the Gettier problem, is the "no false premises" response, sometimes also called the "no false lemmas" response. Most notably, this reply was defended by David Malet Armstrong in his 1973 book, Belief, Truth, and Knowledge. [57]
The first part of the book consists of a series of very short stories or narrative texts, grouped by subject-matter, setting out problems or puzzles of philosophical interest. Some of these problems are well-known in philosophical literature, e.g. the paradox of Epimenides the Cretan , who said: 'All Cretans are liars'.
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Metaepistemology is the branch of epistemology and metaphilosophy that studies the underlying assumptions made in debates in epistemology, including those concerning the existence and authority of epistemic facts and reasons, the nature and aim of epistemology, and the methodology of epistemology.