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Steps 1 and 3 require the input of energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and P i (inorganic phosphate), whereas steps 7 and 10 require the input of ADP, each yielding ATP. [7] The enzymes necessary to break down glucose are found in the cytoplasm , the viscous fluid that fills living cells, where the glycolytic reactions take place.
The term Middle-earth canon, also called Tolkien's canon, is used for the published writings of J. R. R. Tolkien regarding Middle-earth as a whole. The term is also used in Tolkien fandom to promote, discuss and debate the idea of a consistent fictional canon within a given subset of Tolkien's writings.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen (O 2) in order to create ATP.Although carbohydrates, fats and proteins are consumed as reactants, aerobic respiration is the preferred method of pyruvate production in glycolysis, and requires pyruvate be transported the mitochondria in order to be oxidized by the citric acid cycle.
The Lord of the Rings is an epic [1] high fantasy novel [a] written by English author and scholar J. R. R. Tolkien. Set in Middle-earth , the story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 children's book The Hobbit but eventually developed into a much larger work.
When Tolkien was writing The Lord of the Rings, he realized that the Ring's grip on Gollum would never permit him to give it up willingly. He therefore revised The Hobbit: in the second edition, after losing the Riddle Game to Bilbo, Gollum went to get his "Precious" to help him kill and eat Bilbo, but found the Ring missing. [1]
Both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings are set against the background of The Silmarillion, but in a time long after it. [1] Tolkien at first intended The Lord of the Rings to be a children's tale in the style of The Hobbit, but it quickly grew darker and more serious in the writing. [2]
A wizard and associate of Gandalf, he appears briefly in The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion, and Unfinished Tales. His role in Tolkien's writings is so slight that it has been described as a plot device, [1] though scholars have noted his contribution to the evident paganism in Middle-earth.
[T 2] Tolkien set out a fictional etymology for the word "Hobbit" in an appendix to The Lord of the Rings, that it was derived from holbytla (plural holbytlan), [T 3] meaning "hole-builder". This was Tolkien's own new construction from Old English hol , "a hole or hollow", and bytlan , "to build".