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Ode on Melancholy" contains references to classical themes, characters, and places such as Psyche, Lethe, and Proserpine in its description of melancholy, as allusions to Grecian art and literature were common among the "five great odes". [2]
"Ode on Melancholy" is the shortest of the 1819 spring odes at three stanzas of 10 lines. Originally, the poem contained four stanzas, but the original first stanza was removed before publication in 1820 for stylistic reasons. [ 18 ]
[3] Thomas Gray, who found inspiration in a churchyard, claimed to have a naturally melancholy spirit, writing in a letter that "low spirits are my true and faithful companions; they get up with me, go to bed with me; make journeys and returns as I do; nay, and pay visits, and will even affect to be jocose, and force a feeble laugh with me; but ...
John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English poet of the second generation of Romantic poets, along with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley.His poems had been in publication for less than four years when he died of tuberculosis at the age of 25.
The Titans are a pantheon of gods who ruled prior to the Olympians and are now destined to fall. They include Saturn (king of the gods), Ops (Saturn's wife), Thea (Hyperion's sister), Enceladus (cast as the god of war, though considered a Giant rather than a Titan in Greek mythology), Oceanus (god of the sea), Hyperion (the god of the sun) and Clymene (a young goddess).
The same overall pattern is used in "Ode on Indolence", "Ode on Melancholy", and "Ode to a Nightingale" (though their sestet rhyme schemes vary), which makes the poems unified in structure as well as theme. [4] The word "ode" itself is of Greek origin, meaning "sung".
For example, in his "Ode to Melancholy" a major theme is the acceptance of the process of life. When this theme appears later in "To Autumn", [ 23 ] however, it is with a difference. This time the figure of the poet disappears, and there is no exhortation of an imaginary reader.
"Ode on Indolence" relies on ten line stanzas with a rhyme scheme that begins with a Shakespearian quatrain (ABAB) and ends with a Miltonic sestet (CDECDE). This pattern is used in "Ode on Melancholy", "Ode to a Nightingale" and "Ode on a Grecian Urn", which further unifies the poems in their structure in addition to their themes.