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The launch of Astra 1E and subsequent satellites saw the first use by Astra of the BSS band of frequencies (11.70–12.75 GHz) for new digital services and required the introduction of an LNB that would receive the whole frequency range 10.70–12.75 GHz, the "Universal" LNB. A Universal LNB has a switchable local oscillator frequency of 9.75 ...
Special LNBs have been developed for use in single-cable distribution systems. All four sub-bands of the Ku band (low frequency/horizontal polarity, high frequency/horizontal polarity, low frequency/vertical polarity, high frequency/vertical polarity) are received by a conventional front end, amplified and downconverted to the L-band, to be fed to a number of SatCR (Satellite Channel Router ...
A multiswitch is a device used with a dual or quattro LNB to distribute satellite TV signals to multiple (usually more than four) receivers from a single dish and LNB. A typical K u band universal LNB designed for the European market can be switched between four modes (two frequency ranges and two polarisations) selected by signals from the ...
In communications, a system is wideband when the message bandwidth significantly exceeds the coherence bandwidth of the channel.Some communication links have such a high data rate that they are forced to use a wide bandwidth; other links may have relatively low data rates, but deliberately use a wider bandwidth than "necessary" for that data rate in order to gain other advantages; see spread ...
In Europe, for example, there are monoblock single, twin, and quad LNBs for the K u band, which have a pre-defined spacing of 6 degrees (for Astra 19.2°E/Hot Bird 13°E). In March 2007, a new type of monoblock, called the Duo LNB was introduced by CanalDigitaal in the Netherlands for the simultaneous reception of Astra 19.2°E / Astra 23.5°E ...
A Duo LNB can be purchased in most parts of Europe but it is particularly marketed to Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Czechia and Slovakia. [1]Duo LNBs operate as universal LNBs and are manufactured under various brand names, such as Maximum and Inverto, in single, twin-output and quad-output versions – with one, two and four outputs (independently selectable for polarisation and ...
In an optical fibre system at the LNB the four sub-bands are "stacked" in frequency, one above the other, at 0.95 GHz-3.0 GHz (the whole frequency range received in vertical polarisation) and 3.4 GHz-5.45 GHz (horizontal polarisation) and transmitted together as a modulated optical signal down the fibre cable using a 1310 nm semiconductor laser.
A discone is exceptionally wideband, offering a frequency range ratio of up to approximately 10:1 , over three octaves above the antenna's lowest frequency, but otherwise only functions just as well as other quarter-wave monopoles: It is omnidirectional, vertically polarized, equally efficient as a monopole, and has gain similar to a ground ...