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The protic solvents tend to localize the triiodide anion's excess charge, resulting in the triiodide anion's asymmetric structure. [4] [5] For example, the triiodide anion in methanol has an asymmetric bent structure with a charge localized on the longer end of the anion. [6] The dimensions of the triiodide [I a −I b −I c] − bonds in a ...
The polyiodides are a class of polyhalogen anions composed entirely of iodine atoms. [1] [2] The most common member is the triiodide ion, I −3.Other known larger polyiodides include [I 4] 2−, [I 5] −, [I 6] 2−, [I 7] −, [I 8] 2−, [I 9] −, [I 10] 2−, [I 10] 4−, [I 11] 3−, [I 12] 2−, [I 13] 3−, [I 14] 4-, [I 16] 2−, [I 22] 4−, [I 26] 3−, [I 26] 4−, [I 28] 4− and ...
Other cellular extensions that protrude from the cell membrane are known as membrane protrusions or cell protrusions, also cell appendages, such as flagella, and microvilli. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Microtentacles are cell protrusions attached to free-floating cells, associated with the spread of some cancer cells .
The sodium-iodide symporter transports two sodium ions across the basement membrane of the follicular cells along with an iodine ion. This is a secondary active transporter that utilises the concentration gradient of Na + to move I − against its concentration gradient. I − is moved across the apical membrane into the colloid of the follicle.
Membrane lipids are a group of compounds (structurally similar to fats and oils) which form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Lipids are amphiphilic: they have one end that is soluble in water ('polar') and an ending that is soluble in fat ...
The transport of iodide into follicular cells is vital for the synthesis of the iodine containing thyroid hormones. Iodide is actively transported at the basolateral membrane of follicular cells by the sodium-iodide symporter. [3] At the apical membrane iodide is secreted into the colloid by the chloride/iodide transporter pendrin.
[64] [65] Iodine is known to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. [66] Laboratory evidence has demonstrated an effect of iodine on breast cancer that is in part independent of thyroid function, with iodine inhibiting cancer through modulation of the estrogen pathway.
The structure of the complex of sodium (Na +) and the antibiotic monensin A Structure of a potassium complex of a crown ether, a synthetic ionophore-ion complex. Biological activities of metal ion-binding compounds can be changed in response to the increment of the metal concentration, and based on the latter compounds can be classified as "metal ionophores", "metal chelators" or "metal ...