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  2. Free group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_group

    Each vertex represents an element of the free group, and each edge represents multiplication by a or b. In mathematics, the free group F S over a given set S consists of all words that can be built from members of S, considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g. st = suu −1 t but s ≠ t −1 ...

  3. Generating set of a group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generating_set_of_a_group

    The two-element subset {3, 5} is a generating set, since (−5) + 3 + 3 = 1 (in fact, any pair of coprime numbers is, as a consequence of Bézout's identity). The dihedral group of an n-gon (which has order 2n ) is generated by the set { r , s } , where r represents rotation by 2 π / n and s is any reflection across a line of symmetry.

  4. Generator (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator_(mathematics)

    Each non-identity element by itself is a generator for the whole group. In mathematics and physics , the term generator or generating set may refer to any of a number of related concepts. The underlying concept in each case is that of a smaller set of objects, together with a set of operations that can be applied to it, that result in the ...

  5. Presentation of a group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_of_a_group

    For example, the dihedral group D 8 of order sixteen can be generated by a rotation, r, of order 8; and a flip, f, of order 2; and certainly any element of D 8 is a product of r ' s and f ' s. However, we have, for example, rfr = f −1 , r 7 = r −1 , etc., so such products are not unique in D 8 .

  6. Quotient group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient_group

    One can check that the cosets form a group of three elements (the product of a red element with a blue element is blue, the inverse of a blue element is green, etc.). Thus, the quotient group G / N {\displaystyle G\,/\,N} is the group of three colors, which turns out to be the cyclic group with three elements.

  7. Factor system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_system

    In mathematics, a factor system (sometimes called factor set) is a fundamental tool of Otto Schreier’s classical theory for group extension problem. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It consists of a set of automorphisms and a binary function on a group satisfying certain condition (so-called cocycle condition ).

  8. Factorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization

    Start with division by 2: the number is even, and n = 2 · 693. Continue with 693, and 2 as a first divisor candidate. 693 is odd (2 is not a divisor), but is a multiple of 3: one has 693 = 3 · 231 and n = 2 · 3 · 231. Continue with 231, and 3 as a first divisor candidate. 231 is also a multiple of 3: one has 231 = 3 · 77, and thus n = 2 ...

  9. Pairing function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pairing_function

    Whether this is the only polynomial pairing function is still an open question. When we apply the pairing function to k 1 and k 2 we often denote the resulting number as k 1, k 2 . [citation needed] This definition can be inductively generalized to the Cantor tuple function [citation needed]