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Control volume and control volume & boundary faces (Figure 2) Create control volumes near the edges in such a way that the physical boundaries coincide with control volume boundaries (Figure 1). Assume a general nodal point 'P' for a general control volume. Adjacent nodal points to the East and West are identified by E and W respectively.
The ratio of length to radius of a pipe should be greater than 1/48 of the Reynolds number for the Hagen–Poiseuille law to be valid. [9] If the pipe is too short, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation may result in unphysically high flow rates; the flow is bounded by Bernoulli's principle, under less restrictive conditions, by
Darcy–Weisbach equation calculator; Pipe pressure drop calculator Archived 2019-07-13 at the Wayback Machine for single phase flows. Pipe pressure drop calculator for two phase flows. Archived 2019-07-13 at the Wayback Machine; Open source pipe pressure drop calculator. Web application with pressure drop calculations for pipes and ducts
h f = head loss in meters (water) over the length of pipe; L = length of pipe in meters; Q = volumetric flow rate, m 3 /s (cubic meters per second) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, m (meters) Note: pressure drop can be computed from head loss as h f × the unit weight of water (e.g., 9810 N/m 3 at 4 deg C)
Three conservation laws are used to solve fluid dynamics problems, and may be written in integral or differential form. The conservation laws may be applied to a region of the flow called a control volume. A control volume is a discrete volume in space through which fluid is assumed to flow.
The face areas in y two dimensional case are : = = and = =. We obtain the distribution of the property i.e. a given two dimensional situation by writing discretized equations of the form of equation (3) at each grid node of the subdivided domain.
The area required to calculate the volumetric flow rate is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface. The vector area is a combination of the magnitude of the area through which the volume passes through, A , and a unit vector normal to the area, n ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {n} }}} .
The hydraulic calculation procedure is defined in the applicable reference model codes such as that published by the US-based National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), [2] or the EN 12845 standard, Fixed firefighting system – Automatic sprinkler systems – Design, installation and maintenance.