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  2. Industrial symbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_symbiosis

    Industrial symbiosis is a subset of industrial ecology, with a particular focus on material and energy exchange. Industrial ecology is a relatively new field that is based on a natural paradigm, claiming that an industrial ecosystem may behave in a similar way to the natural ecosystem wherein everything gets recycled, albeit the simplicity and ...

  3. Organizational analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_analysis

    Organizational strategy explores the relationship between unit and the environment. It involves action—matching skills and resources with opportunities and threats. According to Michael Porter , a professor from Harvard Business School and leading expert in organizational strategy, the basics of a competitive model have Five Forces :

  4. Symbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis

    The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years. [7] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens. [8] [9] In 1878, the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms".

  5. Organization development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_development

    Organization development (OD) is the study and implementation of practices, systems, and techniques that affect organizational change. The goal of which is to modify a group's/organization's performance and/or culture. The organizational changes are typically initiated by the group's stakeholders.

  6. History of organizations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_organizations

    The symbiotic relationship between strategic leadership and organizational structure necessary to success can be traced back to the beginnings of western civilization. Indeed, the very term strategic owes its etymology to the ancient Greek words for 'army' or a 'large body' and a 'leader'.

  7. Organizational behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_behavior

    Organizational behavior or organisational behaviour (see spelling differences) is the "study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself". [1] Organizational behavioral research can be categorized in at least three ways: [2] individuals in organizations ...

  8. Organizational communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_communication

    Some of the main assumptions underlying much of the early organizational communication research were: Humans act rationally.Some people do not behave in rational ways, they generally don't have access to all of the information needed to make rational decisions they could articulate, and therefore will make irrational decisions, unless there is some breakdown in the communication process ...

  9. Organization studies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studies

    Organization studies (also called organization science or organizational studies) is the academic field interested in a collective activity, ...