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Psychologists usually regard self-esteem as an enduring personality characteristic (trait self-esteem), though normal, short-term variations (state self-esteem) also exist. Synonyms or near-synonyms of self-esteem include: self-worth, [ 9 ] self-regard, [ 10 ] self-respect, [ 11 ] [ 12 ] and self-integrity.
This 12-step program is incorporated as Adult Children of Alcoholics/Dysfunctional Families. The ACA framework is based on the 12 steps and 12 traditions of AA. [12] During the 1990s, the organization went through rapid growth. In 1989, there were 1,300 ACA meetings and by 2003 there were an estimated 40,000 members of ACA.
The Rosenberg self-esteem scale is considered a reliable and valid quantitative tool for self-esteem assessment. [ 5 ] The RSES has been translated and adapted to various languages, such as Persian, [ 6 ] French, [ 7 ] Chinese, [ 8 ] Italian, [ 9 ] German, [ 10 ] Portuguese, [ 11 ] and Spanish. [ 12 ]
A high self-esteem would be needed for this belief of control and so the need for a sense of control may be a function of self-esteem. When applying sociometer theory, it suggests that the illusion of control is an adaptive response in order to self-regulate behaviour to cultural norms and thereby provide an individual with an increased level ...
Self-actualization is understood as the goal or explicit motive, and the previous stages in Maslow's hierarchy fall in line to become the step-by-step process by which self-actualization is achievable; an explicit motive is the objective of a reward-based system that is used to intrinsically drive the completion of certain values or goals. [18]
Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions is a 1953 book, which explains the 24 basic principles of Alcoholics Anonymous and their application. [1] The book dedicates a chapter to each step and each tradition, providing a detailed interpretation of these principles for personal recovery and the organization of the group. [ 2 ]
The Six Pillars of Self-Esteem is a psychology book written by Nathaniel Branden. The book describes what Branden believes are the key elements that raise or lower the self-esteem of an individual. Branden's six pillars are: The Practice of Living Consciously; The Practice of Self-Acceptance; The Practice of Self-Responsibility
The illness of the spiritual dimension, or "spiritual malady," is considered in all twelve-step groups to be self-centeredness. [20] [21] The process of working the steps is intended to replace self-centeredness with a growing moral consciousness and a willingness for self-sacrifice and unselfish constructive action. [21]