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The Thirteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty XIII) was a series of rulers from approximately 1803 BC until approximately 1649 BC, i.e. for 154 years. [1] It is often classified as the final dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (which includes Dynasties XI, XII and XIV), but some historians instead group it in the Second Intermediate Period (with Dynasties XIV through XVII).
The longest reigning pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty, he ruled a likely fragmented Egypt for over 23 years in the early to mid 17th century BC. A pyramidion bearing his name shows that he possibly completed a pyramid, probably located in the necropolis of Memphis. Merneferre Ay is the last pharaoh of the 13th Dynasty to be attested outside Upper ...
Ankhu served at least under two, perhaps even under five, kings of the 13th Dynasty. His situation illustrates that during this period the viziers were the real power behind weak kings. The kings were only in power for a short period, while the viziers remained in power for longer periods. [19] [20]
Sobekhotep IV, whose reign marks the apex of the 13th Dynasty, mentions on a stela (Cairo JE 51911) that was placed in the temple of Amun at Karnak that he was born in Thebes: [17] My majesty [came] to the Southern City since I wanted to see the august god; it is my city in which I was born. ...
However, two kings of the Thirteenth Dynasty, Sobekhotep I and Sonbef, have been speculated to be sons of his based on their shared nomen 'Amenemhat'. [25] If this is the case, Sobekneferu may have taken the throne after Amenemhat IV's death, because she viewed those potential offspring of late king as illegitimate. [26]
Fieldwork by Egyptologists in 2010 and 2011 into the remains of the former 12th dynasty building which was also used in the 13th dynasty led to the discovery of a large adjoining hall which proved to contain 41 sealings showing the cartouche of the Hyksos ruler Khyan together with 9 sealings naming the 13th dynasty king Sobekhotep IV. As ...
13th; 14th; 15th; 16th; 17th; 18th; Pages in category "Pharaohs of the Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt" The following 47 pages are in this category, out of 47 total.
In the latter cases, only an approximate time frame will be given. For example, the Deva dynasty is believed to have ruled during the 12th and 13th centuries AD, but the exact dates are disputed. The year of establishment and/or the year of collapse of a dynasty could differ from its period of rule over a particular realm and/or geographic region.