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Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is the development of thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count), due to the administration of various forms of heparin, an anticoagulant. HIT predisposes to thrombosis (the abnormal formation of blood clots inside a blood vessel ).
Discontinuation of heparin is critical in a case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Beyond that, however, clinicians generally treat to avoid thrombosis. [32] Treatment may include a direct thrombin inhibitor, such as lepirudin or argatroban. Other "blood thinners" sometimes used in this setting include bivalirudin and fondaparinux.
Another potentially severe complication associated with heparin use is called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). [57] There are two distinct types: HIT 1) immune-mediated and 2) non-immune-mediated. [57] Immune-mediated HIT most commonly arises five to ten days after exposure to heparin. [58]
Laboratory tests might include: full blood count, liver enzymes, renal function and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. [citation needed] If the cause for the high platelet count remains unclear, bone marrow biopsy is often undertaken, to differentiate whether the high platelet count is reactive or essential. [citation needed]
Antithrombin III deficiency (abbreviated ATIII deficiency) is a deficiency of antithrombin III.This deficiency may be inherited or acquired. [1] It is a rare hereditary disorder that generally comes to light when a patient suffers recurrent venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and repetitive intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). [2]
The heparin:PF4 complex is the antigen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), an idiosyncratic autoimmune reaction to the administration of the anticoagulant heparin. [9] PF4 autoantibodies have also been found in patients with thrombosis and features resembling HIT but no prior administration of heparin. [10]
Smaller risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, a potential side effect of heparin. Hepatin's anticoagulant effects are typically reversible with protamine sulfate, while protamine's effect on LMWH is limited. LMWH has less of an effect on thrombin than heparin, but about the same effect on Factor Xa.
Pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) or spurious thrombocytopenia is an in-vitro sampling problem which may mislead the diagnosis towards the more critical condition of thrombocytopenia. The phenomenon may occur when the anticoagulant used while testing the blood sample causes clumping of platelets which mimics a low platelet count. [ 1 ]