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Homo sapiens (red) Expansion of early modern humans from Africa through the Near East. In paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans or the "Out of Africa" theory (OOA) [a] is the most widely accepted [1] [2] [3] model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens).
In critical development and postcolonial studies, the concepts of "development", "developed", and "underdevelopment" are often thought of to have origins in two periods: first, the colonial era, where colonial powers extracted labor and natural resources, and second (most often) in referring development as the postwar project of intervention on the so-called Third World.
Human development theory is a theory which uses ideas from different origins, such as ecology, sustainable development, feminism and welfare economics. It wants to avoid normative politics and is focused on how social capital and instructional capital can be deployed to optimize the overall value of human capital in an economy.
[7] [8] [9] (d) the theory as a whole was explored quantitatively. [10] [11] Traits that were complementary to the technological environment generated higher level of income, and therefore higher reproductive success. Testable predictions of this evolutionary theory and its underlying mechanisms have been confirmed empirically [12] and ...
Poverty in Africa is the lack of provision to satisfy the basic human needs of certain people in Africa. African nations typically fall toward the bottom of any list measuring small size economic activity, such as income per capita or GDP per capita, despite a wealth of natural resources.
Human Development Index (HDI) Region World 2022 data (2024 report) Change in HDI value 2023-2024 [3] Very high human development 1 67 Seychelles: 0.802 0.007 High human development 2 72 Mauritius: 0.796 0.006 3 92 Libya: 0.746 4 93 Algeria: 0.745 0.005 5 101 Tunisia: 0.732 0.003 6 105 Egypt: 0.728 0.002 7 110 South Africa: 0.717 0.004 8 114
In his lectures, called "Bursting at the Seams", he featured an integrated approach that would deal with a number of problems associated with overpopulation and poverty reduction. For example, when criticized for advocating mosquito nets he argued that child survival was, "by far one of the most powerful ways", to achieve fertility reduction ...
The view that a "breakout" from the Malthusian trap has led to an era of sustained economic growth is explored by "unified growth theory". [4] [93] One branch of unified growth theory is devoted to the interaction between human evolution and economic development. In particular, Oded Galor and Omer Moav argue that the forces of natural selection ...