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First United States of Brazil (16 July 1934 – 29 October 1945) Second United States of Brazil (31 January 1946 – 31 March 1964) Second Republic of Costa Rica (since 7 November 1949) Third Dominican Republic (1924–12 July 1965) Republic of Venezuela (11 April 1953 – 15 December 1999) Fourth Dominican Republic (since 1 July 1966)
Borden (1849), declared that the definition of republic was a "political question" in which it would not intervene. In two later cases, it did establish a basic definition. In United States v. Cruikshank (1875), the court ruled that the "equal rights of citizens" were inherent to the idea of a republic.
Republics with an elected head of state, where the head of state is also the head of the government. Examples include the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Ghana and Indonesia. People's republic: Republics that include countries like China and Vietnam that are de jure governed for and by the people.
Some of the countries on this list were part of larger, now extinct, states (such as the Russian Empire or Yugoslavia) when the transition to a republic took place. Countries that have always had non-republican forms of government (such as absolute monarchy, theocracy, etc.) are not included in this list. Some were also independent states that ...
Prior to the American Revolution in what is now the United States—and before the coming of age of the "crowned republics" of constitutional monarchies in the United Kingdom and other European countries—democracy and republic were "used more or less interchangeably", [6] and the concepts associated with representative democracy and hence ...
In the United States, the solution was the creation of political parties that reflected the votes of the people and controlled the government (see Republicanism in the United States). In Federalist No. 10, James Madison rejected "pure democracy" in favour of representative democracy, which he called "a republic". [96]
Аԥсшәа; العربية; অসমীয়া; Azərbaycanca; تۆرکجه; বাংলা; Башҡортса; Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
While not characterizing the United States as an "oligarchy" or "plutocracy" outright, Gilens and Page give weight to the idea of a "civil oligarchy" as used by Jeffrey A. Winters, saying, "Winters has posited a comparative theory of 'Oligarchy,' in which the wealthiest citizens – even in a 'civil oligarchy' like the United States ...