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The artistic rendering of images and video (often referred to as image stylization [9]) traditionally focused upon heuristic algorithms that seek to simulate the placement of brush strokes on a digital canvas. [10] Arguably, the earliest example of 2D NPR is Paul Haeberli's 'Paint by Numbers' at SIGGRAPH 1990. This (and similar interactive ...
[10]: 1–2 In order to produce realistic images, rendering must simulate how light travels from light sources, is reflected, refracted, and scattered (often many times) by objects in the scene, passes through a camera lens, and finally reaches the film or sensor of the camera.
In Direct3D 11, the concept of feature levels has been further expanded to run on most downlevel hardware including Direct3D 9 cards with WDDM drivers.. There are seven feature levels provided by D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL structure; levels 9_1, 9_2 and 9_3 (collectively known as Direct3D 10 Level 9) re-encapsulate various features of popular Direct3D 9 cards conforming to Shader Model 2.0, while ...
One of the first graphics cards to support DirectX 9.0 natively was ATI's Radeon 9700, though the effect wasn't programmed into games for years afterwards. On August 23, 2003, Microsoft updated DirectX to DirectX 9.0b, which enabled the Pixel Shader 2.x (Extended) profile for ATI's Radeon X series and NVIDIA's GeForce FX series of graphics ...
Modern 3D computer graphics rely heavily on a simplified reflection model called the Phong reflection model (not to be confused with Phong shading). In the refraction of light, an important concept is the refractive index ; in most 3D programming implementations, the term for this value is "index of refraction" (usually shortened to IOR).
JPEG XR / HD Photo: JPEG XR / HD Photo Microsoft.wdp, .hdp, .jxr image/vnd.ms-photo General purpose royalty-free KDC: Kodak DC40/DC50 RAW Kodak: TIFF .kdc K25: Kodak DC25 RAW Kodak: TIFF .k25 Logluv TIFF: Greg Ward TIFF Supported by LibTIFF: MNG: Multiple-image Network Graphics PNG.mng video/x-mng Yes NEF: Nikon RAW Nikon: TIFF .nef MIFF ...
Physically based rendering (PBR) is a computer graphics approach that seeks to render images in a way that models the lights and surfaces with optics in the real world. It is often referred to as "Physically Based Lighting" or "Physically Based Shading". Many PBR pipelines aim to achieve photorealism.
Graphics represented as a rectangular grid of pixels. Rasterization Converting vector graphics to raster graphics. This terms also denotes a common method of rendering 3D models in real time. Ray casting Rendering by casting non-recursive rays from the camera into the scene. 2D ray casting is a 2.5D rendering method. Ray marching