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Hazael (/ ˈ h eɪ z i əl /; Biblical Hebrew: חֲזָאֵל or חֲזָהאֵל, romanized: Ḥăzāʾēl [1]) was a king of Aram-Damascus mentioned in the Bible. [2] [3] Under his reign, Aram-Damascus became an empire that ruled over large parts of contemporary Syria and Israel-Samaria. [4]
These writings corroborate passages from the Hebrew Bible, as the Second Book of Kings mentions that Jehoram is the son of an Israelite king, Ahab, by his Phoenician wife Jezebel. The likely candidate for having erected the stele, according to the Hebrew Bible, is Hazael, king of Aram-Damascus, whose language would have been Old Aramaic.
Hazael: King of Aram Damascus c. 842 – c. 800: Shalmaneser III of Assyria records that he defeated Hazael in battle and captured many chariots and horses from him. [32] The majority of scholars think that Hazael was the author of the Tel Dan Stele. [33] 1 Kgs. 19:15, 2 Kgs. 8:8, 2 Kings 12:18, Am. 1:4: Hezekiah: King of Judah c. 715 – c. 686
Some royal names are discovered in the Hebrew Bible. Kings of Aram Damascus: Hezion; Tabrimmon, son of Hezion; Ben-Hadad I, son of Tabrimmon; Ben-Hadad II or Hadadezer, mentioned in the Tel Dan Stele may be identical to biblical Ben-Hadad II. Hazael; Ben-Hadad III, son of Hazael; Rezin; Hadadezer bar Rehob, king of Zobah
The author of the inscription on the Tel Dan Stele (fragments of which were found in 1993 and 1994 during archaeological excavations of the site of Tel Dan) claimed to have slain both the king of the House of David in Judah, Ahaziah, and the king of Israel, Jehoram. The most likely author of this monument is Hazael of the Arameans.
Aramean king Hazael of Aram-Damascus Illustration by Gustave Doré from the 1866 La Sainte Bible depicting an Israelite victory over the army of Ben-Hadad, described in 1 Kings 20:26–34. The first certain reference to the Arameans appears in an Assyrian inscription of Tiglath-Pileser I, which refers to subjugating the "Ahlamû-Arameans ...
Elisha tells Hazael to tell the king that he will, even though he will in fact die, and Hazael will become king and cause much damage to Israel. The next day, Hazael smothers the king and succeeds him. Back in Judah, Jehoram is king. Unlike his father and grandfather, he is evil and follows the ways of Israel, even marrying a daughter of Ahab.
In the 9th century BCE, Hazael fought against the Assyrians, had some influence over the northern Syrian state of Unqi, and conquered Israel. [4] [5] To the southwest, Aram-Damascus reached most of the Golan to the Sea of Galilee. [6] In the 8th century BCE, Rezin had been a tributary of Tiglath-Pileser III, a king of Assyria. [7]