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Hazael (/ ˈ h eɪ z i əl /; Biblical Hebrew: חֲזָאֵל or חֲזָהאֵל, romanized: Ḥăzāʾēl [1]) was a king of Aram-Damascus mentioned in the Bible. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Under his reign, Aram-Damascus became an empire that ruled over large parts of contemporary Syria and Israel-Samaria . [ 4 ]
Noting that Hazael was himself a usurper to the throne of Aram-Damascus, he argues that ancient Syria would have posited a number of other rivals for the throne and that Hazael's claim to have slain "seventy kings" is a reference to him defeating his rivals in succession to the throne of Aram-Damascus. [31]
Hazael: King of Aram Damascus c. 842 – c. 800: Shalmaneser III of Assyria records that he defeated Hazael in battle and captured many chariots and horses from him. [32] The majority of scholars think that Hazael was the author of the Tel Dan Stele. [33] 1 Kgs. 19:15, 2 Kgs. 8:8, 2 Kings 12:18, Am. 1:4: Hezekiah: King of Judah c. 715 – c. 686
(ܒܪ ܚܕܕ) or Ben-Hadad III (בֶּן-הֲדַד) was king of Aram Damascus, the son and successor of Hazael. His succession is mentioned in 2 Kings (13:3, 13:24). He is thought to have ruled from 796 BC to 792 BC, although there are many conflicting opinions among Biblical archaeologists as to the length of his reign. [citation needed]
[3] [non-primary source needed] The similar siege and destruction in 9th century BCE of Tell es-Safi, a nearby site usually identified as Gath, has been cited by archaeologists as possible evidence of Hazael's campaign. [4] [5] Work at Tel Zayit began with a preliminary survey in 1998 by a Pittsburgh Theological Seminary team led by Ron Tappy. [6]
In the 9th century BCE, Hazael fought against the Assyrians, had some influence over the northern Syrian state of Unqi, and conquered Israel. [4] [5] To the southwest, Aram-Damascus reached most of the Golan to the Sea of Galilee. [6] In the 8th century BCE, Rezin had been a tributary of Tiglath-Pileser III, a king of Assyria. [7]
Tel Megiddo (from Hebrew: תל מגידו) is the site of the ancient city of Megiddo (/ m ə ˈ ɡ ɪ d oʊ /; Greek: Μεγιδδώ), the remains of which form a tell or archaeological mound, situated in northern Israel at the western edge of the Jezreel Valley about 30 kilometres (19 mi) southeast of Haifa near the depopulated Palestinian town of Lajjun and subsequently Kibbutz Megiddo.
Stele of Zakkur (8th century BC) – Mentions Hazael king of Aram. Shebna Inscription (8th–7th century BC?) – found over the lintel or doorway of a tomb, has been ascribed to Hezekiah's comptroller Shebna.