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A medical work by Ibn al-Nafis, who corrected some of the erroneous theories of Galen and Avicenna on the anatomy of the brain [citation needed].. Islamic psychology or ʿilm al-nafs [1] (Arabic: علم النفس), the science of the nafs ("self" or "psyche"), [2] is the medical and philosophical study of the psyche from an Islamic perspective and addresses topics in psychology, neuroscience ...
Many scholars, such as Charles C. Torrey and Andrew Rippin, have characterized both the Qur'an and Islam as highly favorable to commerce and to the highly mobile type of society that emerged in the medieval Near East. Muslim tradition (both hadith and historiography) maintains that Muhammad did not permit the construction of any buildings in ...
The body of classical Islamic literature on psychology and mental health can be categorized into three distinct categories: [5] The largest and most robust source, Sufi literature and teachings, includes the prominent Islamic philosopher al-Ghazali. [5] "Mental health" is related to the health of the "soul", the "spiritual heart", or one's ...
The philosophy of mind was studied in medieval Islamic psychological thought, which refers to the study of the nafs (literally "self" or "psyche" in Arabic) in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (8th–15th centuries) as well as modern times (20th–21st centuries), and is related to psychology, psychiatry and the ...
John of Damascus, a Syrian monk and presbyter.; Persian scholar Ibn al-Rawandi (827–911 CE) started out as a Mu'tazilite Muslim, but later he repudiated Islam and revealed religion in general, [5] rejecting the authority of any scriptural or revealed religion, pointing out specific Muslim traditions and trying to show that they are laughable.
The Arabic phrase Ikhwān aṣ-Ṣafāʾ (short for, among many possible transcriptions, Ikhwān aṣ-Ṣafāʾ wa Khullān al-Wafā wa Ahl al-Ḥamd wa abnāʾ al-Majd, [6] meaning "Brethren of Purity, Loyal Friends, People worthy of praise and Sons of Glory") can be translated as either the "Brethren of Purity" or the "Brethren of Sincerity"; various scholars such as Ian Netton prefer "of ...
Allah as a lunar deity; Surah of Wilaya and Nurayn – two surahs that are seen as forgeries by both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims.While the source of these texts is not clear, they have been used to accuse Shi'ites of corrupting the Qur'an by adding them to the official text, an accusation that is widely rejected by the Shi'a community.
Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi (Persian: ابو زید احمد بن سهل بلخی) was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist. Born in 850 CE in Shamistiyan, in the province of Balkh , Greater Khorasan , he was a disciple of al-Kindi .