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Tungsten's desirable properties such as resistance to high temperatures, its hardness and density, and its strengthening of alloys made it an important raw material for the arms industry, [54] [55] both as a constituent of weapons and equipment and employed in production itself, e.g., in tungsten carbide cutting tools for machining steel. Now ...
This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by atomic number (Z).. Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.
The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is: 1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol 1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV [12]
The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further removal of an electron from a singly, doubly, etc., charged ion. For ionization energies measured in the unit eV, see Ionization energies of the elements (data page). All data from rutherfordium onwards is ...
Physical properties; Phase at ... Spectral lines of tungsten: Other properties; ... ionization energy 1 = | ionization energy 1 ref = ...
The high melting point and the wear resistance against the electric arc makes tungsten a suitable material for the electrode. [21] [22] Tungsten's high density and strength are also key properties for its use in weapon projectiles, for example as an alternative to depleted Uranium for tank gun rounds. [23]
Tungsten, the common choice for vacuum tube filaments, can survive to high temperatures but its emission is somewhat limited due to its relatively high work function (approximately 4.5 eV). By coating the tungsten with a substance of lower work function (e.g., thorium or barium oxide ), the emission can be greatly increased.
The anion is the polyoxotungstate [H 2 W 12 O 40] 6-, which features six-coordinated tungsten(VI) centers interconnected with doubly- and triply bridging oxo ligands. Due to its very high solubility in water (max. density 3.1 g/cm 3 ), SPT is widely used as to produce "heavy liquid" for gravity separation (sink /float analysis) and density ...
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