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The kidney toxicity of ethylene glycol occurs 24 to 72 hours post ingestion and is caused by a direct cytotoxic effect of glycolic acid. The glycolic acid is then metabolized to glyoxylic acid and finally to oxalic acid.
The major cause of ethylene glycol toxicity is the accumulation of glycolic acid in the body, [18] but accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys can also lead to acute kidney failure. [17] In the case of DEG, calcium oxalate crystal are not deposited in the kidneys, implying that ethylene glycol is not on the DEG metabolic pathway.
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
The cough syrup in question was produced by Maiden Pharmaceuticals, and it has been implicated in child deaths in Gambia. Tests conducted by two independent laboratories on behalf of the WHO confirmed the presence of lethal toxins—ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol in the syrup. Indian authorities, however, did not find any toxins, but did ...
Macrogol 4000, pharmaceutical quality. Macrogol 3350, often in combination with electrolytes, is used for short-term relief of constipation as well as for long-term use in constipation of various causes, including in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease patients (an often-overlooked non-motor symptom) as well as constipation caused by pharmaceutical drugs such as opioids and ...
Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation. C 2 H 4 O + H 2 O → HO−CH 2 CH 2 −OH. This reaction can be catalyzed by either acids or bases, or can occur at neutral pH under elevated temperatures. The ...
Ethylene oxide scrubber: After the gaseous stream from the main reactor, containing ethylene oxide (1–2%) and CO 2 (5%), is cooled, it is then passed to the ethylene oxide scrubber. Here, water is used as the scrubbing media which scrubs away majority of ethylene oxide along with some amounts of CO 2 , N 2 , CH 2 =CH 2 , CH 4 and aldehydes ...
The precursor to PEGs is ethylene oxide, which is hazardous. [41] Ethylene glycol and its ethers are nephrotoxic (poisonous to the kidneys) if applied to damaged skin. [42] The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) regards PEG as biologically inert and safe. [citation needed] A 2015 study appears to challenge the FDA's ...