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  2. Biological applications of bifurcation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_applications_of...

    The phase diagrams are shown in Figure 5. Tracking the x-intercepts in the phase diagram as r changes, there are two fixed point trajectories which intersect at the origin; this is the bifurcation point (intuitively, when the number of x-intercepts in the phase portrait changes). The left fixed point is always unstable, and the right one stable.

  3. Phase-gate process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-gate_process

    A phase-gate process (also referred to as a waterfall process) is a project management technique in which an initiative or project (e.g., new product development, software development, process improvement, business change) is divided into distinct stages or phases, separated by decision points (known as gates).

  4. Biochemical switches in the cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_switches_in...

    The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. [1] For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase , is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding ...

  5. Restriction point - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_point

    Steps of the cell cycle. The restriction point occurs between the G 1 and S phases of interphase.. The restriction point (R), also known as the Start or G 1 /S checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint in the G 1 phase of the animal cell cycle at which the cell becomes "committed" to the cell cycle, and after which extracellular signals are no longer required to stimulate proliferation. [1]

  6. Cell cycle checkpoint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle_checkpoint

    However, Cyclin D:Cdk 4/6 also phosphorylates p107 and p130, a process which releases their bind from E2F 4 and 5 (which then escape to the cytoplasm), and allowing for E2F 1–3 to bind to the DNA and initiate transcription of Cyclin E. [10] Rb proteins maintain their mono-phosphorylated state during early G1 phase, while Cyclin E is ...

  7. Induced cell cycle arrest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_cell_cycle_arrest

    G 1 phase is the first of the four phases of the cell cycle, and is part of interphase. While in G 1 the cell synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps of interphase leading to mitosis. In human somatic cells, the cell cycle lasts about 18 hours, and the G 1 phase makes up about 1 / 3 of that time. [13]

  8. Dual-phase evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-phase_evolution

    Dual phase evolution (DPE) is a process that drives self-organization within complex adaptive systems. [1] It arises in response to phase changes within the network of connections formed by a system's components. DPE occurs in a wide range of physical, biological and social systems.

  9. Phase variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_variation

    In biology, phase variation is a method for dealing with rapidly varying environments without requiring random mutation. It involves the variation of protein expression, frequently in an on-off fashion, within different parts of a bacterial population. As such the phenotype can switch at frequencies that are much higher (sometimes >1%) than ...