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Additionally, the solution of the Cahn–Hilliard equation for a binary mixture is reasonably comparable with the solution of a Stefan problem. [11] In this comparison, the Stefan problem was solved using a front-tracking, moving-mesh method with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions at the outer boundary. Also, Stefan problems can be applied ...
A harpoon reaction is a type of chemical reaction, first proposed by Michael Polanyi in 1920, [1] [2] whose mechanism (also called the harpooning mechanism) involves two neutral reactants undergoing an electron transfer over a relatively long distance to form ions that then attract each other closer together. [3]
Reaction–diffusion systems are naturally applied in chemistry. However, the system can also describe dynamical processes of non-chemical nature. Examples are found in biology, geology and physics (neutron diffusion theory) and ecology. Mathematically, reaction–diffusion systems take the form of semi-linear parabolic partial differential ...
A quantum master equation is a generalization of the idea of a master equation. Rather than just a system of differential equations for a set of probabilities (which only constitutes the diagonal elements of a density matrix ), quantum master equations are differential equations for the entire density matrix, including off-diagonal elements.
The activation energy may be used to characterize the kinetic rate parameter of a given reaction through application of the Arrhenius equation. The Evans–Polanyi model assumes that the pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation and the position of the transition state along the reaction coordinate are the same for all reactions ...
In mathematics, the Simon problems (or Simon's problems) are a series of fifteen questions posed in the year 2000 by Barry Simon, an American mathematical physicist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Inspired by other collections of mathematical problems and open conjectures, such as the famous list by David Hilbert , the Simon problems concern quantum operators . [ 3 ]
A solvated electron is a free electron in a solution, in which it behaves like an anion. [1] An electron's being solvated in a solution means it is bound by the solution. [ 2 ] The notation for a solvated electron in formulas of chemical reactions is "e − ".
In Organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond. [1] It is present in a σ (sigma) bond, unlike the electromeric effect which is present in a π (pi) bond.