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The cells of bacteria (prokaryotes), such as salmonella, differ from those of higher-level organisms , such as fish. Antibiotics are chemicals designed to either kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria while exploiting the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in order to make them relatively harmless in higher-level ...
Norman George Heatley OBE (10 January 1911 – 5 January 2004) was an English biologist and biochemist. [1] He was a member of the team of Oxford University scientists who developed penicillin. [2] [3] Heatley developed the back-extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk.
Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a bacterial disease of freshwater fish, specifically salmonid fish. It is caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum (previously classified in the genus Cytophaga ), [ 1 ] a psychrophilic , [ 2 ] gram-negative [ 2 ] rod-shaped bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae . [ 3 ]
β-Lactam antibiotics are indicated for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. At first, β-lactam antibiotics were mainly active only against gram-positive bacteria, yet the recent development of broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics active against various gram-negative organisms has increased their usefulness.
The cephalosporins (and other β-lactams) have the ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting essential steps in the bacterial cell wall synthesis which in the end results in osmotic lysis and death of the bacterial cell. [2] Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics because of their clinical efficiency and desirable safety profile. [3]
Phenoxymethylpenicillin, also known as penicillin V (PcV) and penicillin VK, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [2] Specifically it is used for the treatment of strep throat, otitis media, and cellulitis. [2] It is also used to prevent rheumatic fever and to prevent infections following removal of the ...
The drug interrupts the building process of the bacterial cell wall, ultimately killing the bacteria. Being one of the oldest types of antibiotics available, penicillin has played […]
The bacteria can persist in water for up to 32 days when the hardness is 50 ppm or more. [2] Minerals are however essential for fish and the reduction or removal of such minerals in treatment for Columnaris would affect fish mineral uptake and thus affect: oxygen utilization, osmotic regulation, metabolic processes, among may other biological ...