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Eugenol / ˈ j uː dʒ ɪ n ɒ l / is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, a member of the allylbenzene class of chemical compounds. [2] It is a colorless to pale yellow, aromatic oily liquid extracted from certain essential oils especially from clove , nutmeg , cinnamon , basil and bay leaf .
It is the methyl ether of eugenol and is important to insect behavior and pollination. [2] It is found in various essential oils. Methyl eugenol is found in a number of plants (over 450 species from 80 families including both angiosperm and gymnosperm families) and has a role in attracting pollinators. About 350 plant species have them as a ...
Guaiacol is a precursor to various flavorants, such as eugenol. [15] An estimated 85% of the world's supply of vanillin comes from guaiacol. Because consumers tend to prefer natural vanillin to synthetic vanillin, methods such as microbial fermentation have been adopted.
It can be synthesized from eugenol and has been used in the manufacture of vanillin. It may occur as either the cis (Z) or trans (E) isomer. Trans (E) isoeugenol is crystalline while cis (Z) isoeugenol is a liquid. [6] Isoeugenol is one of several phenolic compounds responsible for the mold-inhibiting effect of smoke on meats and cheeses. [7]
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
Vanillin was first synthesized from eugenol (found in oil of clove) in 1874–75, less than 20 years after it was first identified and isolated. Vanillin was commercially produced from eugenol until the 1920s. [37] Later it was synthesized from lignin-containing "brown liquor", a byproduct of the sulfite process for making wood pulp. [12]
Acetyleugenol is a phenylpropanoid compound found in cloves.It is the second in abundance to the related compound eugenol in certain extract preparations. [1] [2] Like eugenol, its found in several plants such as Acacia nilotica and Piper betle [3] [4] [5] and has similar antibacterial and antifungal properties on C. albicans and S. mutans. [6]
Bonding between molecules is more subtle than the three parameters suggest. Molecular shape is relevant, as are other types of bonding such as induced dipole, metallic and electrostatic interactions. The size of the molecules also plays a significant role in whether two molecules actually dissolve in a given period.
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