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  2. Cardiac resynchronization therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_resynchronization...

    CRT requires the placement of an electrical device for biventricular pacing, along with placement of (at least) two pacing leads, to facilitate stable left ventricular and right ventricular pacing. For all elements, the first stage of the process is local anaesthetic followed by incision to allow for approach from the appropriate vein.

  3. Pacemaker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker

    CRT devices have been shown to reduce mortality and improve quality of life in patients with heart failure symptoms; a LV ejection fraction less than or equal to 35% and QRS duration on EKG of 120 ms or greater. [18] [19] Biventricular pacing alone is referred to as CRT-P (for pacing).

  4. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implantable_cardioverter...

    Just like pacemakers, ICDs can have a single wire or lead in the heart (in the right ventricle, single chamber ICD), two leads (in the right atrium and right ventricle, dual chamber ICD) or three leads (biventricular ICD, one in the right atrium, one in the right ventricle and one on the outer wall of the left ventricle).

  5. Biological pacemaker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pacemaker

    The biological pacemaker is intended as an alternative to the artificial cardiac pacemaker that has been in human use since the late 1950s. Despite their success, several limitations and problems with artificial pacemakers have emerged during the past decades such as electrode fracture or damage to insulation , infection , re-operations for ...

  6. Pacemaker syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacemaker_syndrome

    Pacemaker syndrome is a condition that represents the clinical consequences of suboptimal atrioventricular (AV) synchrony or AV dyssynchrony, regardless of the pacing mode, after pacemaker implantation. [1] [2] It is an iatrogenic disease—an adverse effect resulting from medical treatment—that is often underdiagnosed.

  7. Ventricular assist device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_assist_device

    Some devices are designed to support the heart and its various components/function but are not considered VADs, below are some common examples. Pacemakers and Internal Cardiac Defibrillators (ICDs) – the function of a VAD differs from that of an artificial cardiac pacemaker in that a VAD pumps blood , whereas a pacemaker delivers electrical ...

  8. Ectopic pacemaker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectopic_pacemaker

    An ectopic pacemaker, also known as ectopic focus or ectopic foci, is an excitable group of cells that causes a premature heart beat outside the normally functioning SA node of the heart. It is thus a cardiac pacemaker that is ectopic , producing an ectopic beat .

  9. ICD-9-CM Volume 3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD-9-CM_Volume_3

    Biventricular pacemaker; Biventricular pacing without internal cardiac defibrillator; Implantation of cardiac resynchronization (biventricular) pulse generator pacing device, formation of pocket, transvenous leads including placement of lead into left ventricular coronary venous system, and intraoperative procedures for evaluation of lead signals.