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Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. A common question asked to test for pessimism is "Is the glass half empty or half full?"; in this situation, a pessimist is said to see the glass as half empty, or in extreme cases completely empty, while an optimist is said to see the glass as half full. Throughout history, the ...
Antinatalists assert that bringing new life into a world of suffering is morally wrong, and some pessimists view suicide as a rational response in extreme circumstances; though Schopenhauer personally believed it failed to address the deeper causes of one's suffering. The roots of pessimism trace back to ancient philosophies and religions.
Defensive pessimists performed worse when encouraged than the defensive pessimists whose strategy was not manipulated. [2] Defensive pessimism is an adaptive strategy for those who struggle with anxiety: their performance decreases if they are unable to appropriately manage and counteract their anxiety.
Some pessimists would assuage the critics by accepting the validity of their criticisms and embracing historicism, as was the case with Schopenhauer's literary executor Julius Frauenstädt and with Von Hartmann (who gave transcendental realism a unique twist).
Oswald Spengler, author of The Decline of the West. Cultural pessimism of the Oswald Spengler epoch might be seen as a refusal of the rather intellectual and secular choice between nihilism and modernism.
Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg is among the world’s wealthiest individuals, with a net worth topping $100 billion. While a number of factors explain his success, one might simply be his optimistic nature.
But the optimists clearly outnumbered the pessimists. A show of hands at a dinner discussion I attended last night put the margin at roughly three to one.
Image Name Date of birth Date of death Nationality Julius Bahnsen [1] [2]: 30 March 1830: 7 December 1881: German Ernest Becker [3]: 27 September 1924: 6 March 1974