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Dhyāna (Sanskrit: ध्यान) in Hinduism means meditation [1] and contemplation. Dhyana is taken up in Yoga practices, and is a means to samadhi and self-knowledge. [2]The various concepts of dhyana and its practice originated in the Sramanic movement of ancient India, [3] [4] which started before the 6th century BCE (pre-Buddha, pre-Mahavira), [5] [6] and the practice has been ...
Buddha depicted in dhyāna, Amaravati, India. In the oldest texts of Buddhism, dhyāna (Sanskrit: ध्यान) or jhāna (Pali: 𑀛𑀸𑀦) is a component of the training of the mind (), commonly translated as meditation, to withdraw the mind from the automatic responses to sense-impressions and "burn up" the defilements, leading to a "state of perfect equanimity and awareness (upekkhā ...
The Dhyāna sutras (Chinese: 禪經 chan jing) (Japanese 禅経 zen-gyo) or "meditation summaries" (Chinese: 禪要) or also known as The Zen Sutras are a group of early Buddhist meditation texts which are mostly based on the Yogacara [note 1] meditation teachings of the Sarvāstivāda school of Kashmir circa 1st-4th centuries CE. [1]
According to Alan Sponberg, this kind of vipasyana meditation was an attempt "to penetrate the true nature of reality by understanding the three aspects of existence in five successive steps or stages". These progressive stages or ways of seeing (kuan) the world are: [133] "dismissing the false – preserving the real" (ch 'ien-hsu ts'un-shih)
Dharana is a state of mind, Dhyana the process of mind. Dhyana is distinct from Dharana in that the meditator becomes actively engaged with its focus. Patanjali defines contemplation (Dhyana) as the mind process, where the mind is fixed on something, and then there is "a course of uniform modification of knowledge". [52]
To traditional yoga, dhyana is a process by which the (intricately ordered, not disjointed) world is experienced as not the self. Essentially the exact opposite of the sentence in question. So much so that this whole sentence becomes untenable without being presented as dhyana in advaita vedanta, not all of Hinduism.
In the sutras, jhāna is entered when one 'sits down cross-legged and establishes mindfulness'. According to Buddhist tradition, it may be supported by ānāpānasati, mindfulness of breathing, a core meditative practice which can be found in almost all schools of Buddhism.
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