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The intentional perforation of the cranium exposes the dura mater to treat health problems related to intracranial diseases or release pressured blood buildup from an injury. It may also refer to any " burr " hole created through other body surfaces, including nail beds.
A penetrating head injury, or open head injury, is a head injury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached. [1] Penetrating injury can be caused by high-velocity projectiles or objects of lower velocity such as knives, or bone fragments from a skull fracture that are driven into the brain.
A cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak or CSFL) is a medical condition where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord leaks out of one or more holes or tears in the dura mater. [1]
The cribriform plate is part of the ethmoid bone, which has a low density, and is spongy. [2] It is narrow, with deep grooves supporting the olfactory bulb.. Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone.
A cranial drill, also known as a craniotome, is a tool for drilling simple burr holes (trepanation) or for creating larger openings in the skull.This exposes the brain and allows operations like craniotomy and craniectomy to be done.
The cranium is a single structure forming a case around the brain, enclosing the lower surface and the sides, but always at least partially open at the top as a large fontanelle. The most anterior part of the cranium includes a forward plate of cartilage, the rostrum , and capsules to enclose the olfactory organs.
A basilar skull fracture is a break of a bone in the base of the skull. [1] Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. [1]
The neurocranium is divided into two portions: the membranous part, consisting of flat bones, which surround the brain; and; the cartilaginous part, or chondrocranium, which forms bones of the base of the skull.