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After an FDA advisory committee said the decongestant phenylephrine, an ingredient found in many oral cold and flu medications, is ineffective, experts weigh in on alternatives.
A decongestant, or nasal decongestant, is a type of pharmaceutical drug that is used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract. The active ingredient in most decongestants is either pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine (the latter of which has disputed effectiveness ).
These include for adults: antihistamines, antihistamine-decongestant combinations, benzonatate, anti asthmatic-expectorant-mucolytic combinations, expectorant-bronchodilator combinations, leukotriene inhibitors, ambroxol, and guaifenesin, sometimes with analgesics, antipyretics, anti inflammatories, and anticholinergics; and for children ...
Topical decongestants are decongestants applied directly to the nasal cavity. Their effectiveness by themselves in the common cold appears to have a small benefit in adults. [1] Topical decongestants should only be used by patients for a maximum of 5–7 days in a row, because rebound congestion may occur in the form of rhinitis medicamentosa ...
Pseudoephedrine is the most common oral decongestant alternative, but since it has potential for abuse, you’ll likely need to ask a pharmacist for help accessing it behind the counter.
Rhinitis medicamentosa (or RM, also known as rebound congestion) is a condition of rebound nasal congestion suspected to be brought on by extended use of topical decongestants (e.g., oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline, and naphazoline nasal sprays) and certain oral medications (e.g., sympathomimetic amines and various 2-imidazolines) that constrict blood vessels in the lining of the ...
[13] [2] Phenylephrine has replaced pseudoephedrine in many over-the-counter oral decongestant products. [2] However, oral phenylephrine appears to be ineffective as a decongestant. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In 2022, the combination with brompheniramine and dextromethorphan was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more ...
[4] [5] Use is not recommended during pregnancy. [2] Xylometazoline is in the decongestant and alpha-adrenergic agonist families of medication. [5] [6] One study classified it with selectivity ratios in alpha 2 adrenergic receptors of 151 for a2A vs a2B, 4.5 a2A vs a2C, and 33.9 a2B vs a2C. Making it a highly selective a2A agonist. [7]