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Fascist architecture in the form of Rationalism with elements of classical Roman architecture was born under dictator Benito Mussolini's rule of Italy from 1922 to 1943. Mussolini invested in public construction projects in order to foster economic development, to gain popular support and modernize the country.
The construction of new buildings served other purposes beyond reaffirming Nazi ideology. In Flossenbürg and elsewhere, the Schutzstaffel built forced-labor camps where prisoners of the Third Reich were forced to mine stone and make bricks, much of which went directly to Albert Speer for use in his rebuilding of Berlin and other projects in Germany.
From left: Luigi Zuccoli, Mario Radice, Neve Nizzoli, Manlio Rho, Marcello Nizzoli and Giuseppe Terragni Giuseppe Terragni (Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe terˈraɲɲi]; 18 April 1904 – 19 July 1943) was an Italian architect who worked primarily under the fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and pioneered the Italian modern movement under the rubric of Rationalism. [1]
To represent fascism, the Case del Fascio were decorated with "M"s in honor of Benito Mussolini, Italy's fascist dictator. [9] Recalling the Roman Republic, architects would decorate Case del Fascio with an eagle with the Latin "DVX" (dux, Italian Duce) on it. [citation needed] Fascist symbols have largely been removed from the Case del Fascio.
Totalitarian architecture is a term utilized to refer to "the officially approved architecture of dictatorships, over-centralized governments, or political groups intolerant of opposition, especially that of Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Stalin's Soviet Union, etc.
It is an example of architecture completed during the fascist government of Benito Mussolini. Another such example is the nearby Palazzo della Casa del Mutilato and the adjacent Palazzo della Questura (Police Headquarters) on via Medina. Just north and across the street on via Monteoliveto is the 16th-century Palazzo Orsini di Gravina.
Marcello Piacentini (8 December 1881 – 19 May 1960) was an Italian urban theorist and one of the main proponents of Italian Fascist architecture. Marcello Piacentini portrayed with the uniform of a member of the Royal Academy of Italy
The Stile Littorio therefore denotes an expression of state architecture that aimed to homogenize the various currents of architectural language in Italy in the twenties, merging monumentalism and classicism with rationalism in search of a unitary, connotative and recognizable national style, at the service of an image of the fascist state that ...