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The mean speed theorem, also known as the Merton rule of uniform acceleration, [1] was discovered in the 14th century by the Oxford Calculators of Merton College, and was proved by Nicole Oresme. It states that a uniformly accelerated body (starting from rest, i.e. zero initial velocity) travels the same distance as a body with uniform speed ...
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
In the tautochrone problem, if the particle's position is parametrized by the arclength s(t) from the lowest point, the kinetic energy is then proportional to ˙, and the potential energy is proportional to the height h(s). One way the curve in the tautochrone problem can be an isochrone is if the Lagrangian is mathematically equivalent to a ...
is the uniform rate of acceleration. In particular, the motion can be resolved into two orthogonal parts, one of constant velocity and the other according to the above equations. As Galileo showed, the net result is parabolic motion, which describes, e.g., the trajectory of a projectile in vacuum near the surface of Earth.
Also equations of motion can be formulated which connect acceleration and force. Equations for several forms of acceleration of bodies and their curved world lines follow from these formulas by integration. Well known special cases are hyperbolic motion for constant longitudinal proper acceleration or uniform circular motion.
Albert Einstein (1907) [H 13] studied the effects within a uniformly accelerated frame, obtaining equations for coordinate dependent time dilation and speed of light equivalent to , and in order to make the formulas independent of the observer's origin, he obtained time dilation in formal agreement with Radar coordinates.
The green line shows the slope of the velocity-time graph at the particular point where the two lines touch. Its slope is the acceleration at that point. Its slope is the acceleration at that point. In mechanics , the derivative of the position vs. time graph of an object is equal to the velocity of the object.
In physics, Torricelli's equation, or Torricelli's formula, is an equation created by Evangelista Torricelli to find the final velocity of a moving object with constant acceleration along an axis (for example, the x axis) without having a known time interval.