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Optical theorem. In physics, the optical theorem is a general law of wave scattering theory, which relates the zero-angle scattering amplitude to the total cross section of the scatterer. [1] It is usually written in the form. σ I m {\displaystyle \sigma = {\frac {4\pi } {k}}~\mathrm {Im} \,f (0),} where f (0) is the scattering amplitude with ...
Rutherford scattering or Coulomb scattering is the elastic scattering of charged particles by the Coulomb interaction. The paper also initiated the development of the planetary Rutherford model of the atom and eventually the Bohr model. Rutherford scattering is now exploited by the materials science community in an analytical technique called ...
Partial-wave analysis. Technique in quantum mechanics for solving scattering problems. Partial-wave analysis, in the context of quantum mechanics, refers to a technique for solving scattering problems by decomposing each wave into its constituent angular-momentum components and solving using boundary conditions.
Resonances in scattering from potentials. In quantum mechanics, resonance cross section occurs in the context of quantum scattering theory, which deals with studying the scattering of quantum particles from potentials. The scattering problem deals with the calculation of flux distribution of scattered particles/waves as a function of the ...
An important part of optical physics theory is starting with microscopic physics—the behavior of atoms and electrons—and using it to derive the familiar, macroscopic, laws of optics. In particular, there is a derivation of how the refractive index works and where it comes from, starting from microscopic physics.
Sommerfeld radiation condition. In applied mathematics, and theoretical physics, the Sommerfeld radiation condition is a concept from theory of differential equations and scattering theory used for choosing a particular solution to the Helmholtz equation. It was introduced by Arnold Sommerfeld in 1912 [1] and is closely related to the limiting ...
The direct scattering problem is the problem of determining the distribution of scattered radiation/particle flux basing on the characteristics of the scatterer. The inverse scattering problem is the problem of determining the characteristics of an object (e.g., its shape, internal constitution) from measurement data of radiation or particles ...
Born approximation. Generally in scattering theory and in particular in quantum mechanics, the Born approximation consists of taking the incident field in place of the total field as the driving field at each point in the scatterer. The Born approximation is named after Max Born who proposed this approximation in early days of quantum theory ...