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A camera obscura (pl. camerae obscurae or camera obscuras; from Latin camera obscūra 'dark chamber') [1] is the natural phenomenon in which the rays of light passing through a small hole into a dark space form an image where they strike a surface, resulting in an inverted (upside down) and reversed (left to right) projection of the view outside.
An 18th-century artist utilizing a camera obscura for image tracing. The camera obscura (from the Latin for 'dark room') is a natural optical phenomenon and precursor of the photographic camera. It projects an inverted image (flipped left to right and upside down) of a scene from the other side of a screen or wall through a small aperture onto ...
The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography (that is, actually capturing the image on some sort of medium) was envisioned by Zahn in 1685 [citation needed], though it would be almost 150 years before technology caught up to the point where this was possible to actually build (see History of the camera).
View from the Window at Le Gras 1826 or 1827, believed to be the earliest surviving camera photograph. [1] Original (left) and colorized reoriented enhancement (right).. The history of photography began with the discovery of two critical principles: The first is camera obscura image projection; the second is the discovery that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light. [2]
The camera obscura was known to the ancient Chinese, and was described by the Han Chinese polymath Shen Kuo in his scientific book Dream Pool Essays, published in the year 1088 C.E. Aristotle had discussed the basic principle behind it in his Problems, but Alhazen's work contained the first clear description of camera obscura.
Image credits: Detroit Photograph Company "There was a two-color process invented around 1913 by Kodak that used two glass plates in contact with each other, one being red-orange and the other ...
Early pinhole camera. Light enters a dark box through a small hole and creates an inverted image on the wall opposite the hole. [8]The first known description of pinhole photography is found in the 1856 book The Stereoscope by Scottish inventor David Brewster, including the description of the idea as "a camera without lenses, and with only a pin-hole".
In 1829 French artist and chemist Louis Daguerre, when obtaining a camera obscura for his work on theatrical scene painting from the optician Chevalier, was put into contact with Nicéphore Niépce, who had already managed to make a record of an image from a camera obscura using the process he invented: heliography. [14]