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The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), also known as the European corn worm or European high-flyer, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a pest of grain, particularly maize ( Zea mays ). The insect is native to Europe, originally infesting varieties of millet , including broom corn .
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, is one of the biggest pests of maize in Asia, causing 10%-30% of yield losses in the field, and in some cases up to 80% yield loss. [7] These pests carry fungal pathogens (such as Bipolaris maydis and Curvularia lunata ) which cause diseases such as maydis leaf blight and curvularia leaf spot in the crop.
The inserted gene is from the Bacillus thuringiensis which produces the Bt protein that is poisonous to insects in the order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), including the European corn borer. These genetically modified plants with Bt protein are grown on a large scale around the world. [2]
The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis is perhaps the best known; introduced to the United States in the early 1900s, it is now widespread in all but the westernmost states.
A 2018 study found that Bt-corn protected nearby fields of non-Bt corn and nearby vegetable crops, reducing the use of pesticides on those crops. Data from 1976 to 1996 (before Bt corn was widespread) was compared to data after it was adopted (1996–2016). They examined levels of the European corn borer and corn earworm. Their larvae eat a ...
Corn line MON802 was developed through genetic modification to be tolerant [3] to glyphosate herbicide and protect the plant from the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) (the Bt trait). [4] MON 809 is an Insect Resistant maize under license from Monsanto. [5]
In 1996, genetically modified maize producing Bt Cry protein was approved, which killed the European corn borer and related species; subsequent Bt genes were introduced that killed corn rootworm larvae. [60]
The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and southern cornstalk borer (Diatraea crambidoides), formerly considered snout moths, are placed in the Crambidae which, as noted above, are usually regarded as a separate family today.