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Erich von Drygalski led the First German Antarctic Expedition in 1901. The First German Antarctic Expedition was sent to investigate eastern Antarctica in 1901. It discovered the coast of Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, and Mount Gauss. The expedition's ship became trapped in ice, however, which prevented more extensive exploration. [78] [79] [80]
The first ever expedition to reach the Geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.He and four other crew members made it to the geographical south pole on 14 December 1911, [n 1] which would prove to be five weeks ahead of the competitive British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova Expedition.
Born in Borge, Østfold, Norway, Amundsen began his career as a polar explorer as first mate on Adrien de Gerlache's Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899. From 1903 to 1906, he led the first expedition to successfully traverse the Northwest Passage on the sloop Gjøa. In 1909, Amundsen began planning for a South Pole expedition.
Expeditions in Antarctica before the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, 1897. 1780s to 1839 – American and British whalers and sealers make incidental discoveries. 1819 – William Smith discovers South Shetland Islands), the first land discovered south of 60° south latitude
Left to right: Roald Amundsen, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel and Oscar Wisting after first reaching the South Pole on 16 December 1911. The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration was an era in the exploration of the continent of Antarctica which began at the end of the 19th century, and ended after the First World War; the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition of 1921–1922 is often cited by historians ...
The Gauss expedition of 1901–1903 (also known as the Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903) [1] was the first German expedition to Antarctica. It was led by geologist Erich von Drygalski in the ship Gauss , named after the mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss .
Coal was first recorded in Antarctica near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition in 1907, and low-grade coal is known to exist across many parts of the Transantarctic Mountains. [67] The Prince Charles Mountains contain deposits of iron ore. [68] There are oil and natural gas fields in the Ross Sea. [69]
Palmer steered southward in Hero at the beginning of the Antarctic summer of 1820–1821. Aggressively searching for new seal rookeries south of Cape Horn, on November 17, 1820, Palmer and his men became the first Americans and the third group of people to discover the Antarctic Peninsula.