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The undated Babylonian text Dialogue of Pessimism contains similarities to the agnostic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialogs of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic Socratic method of Socrates and Plato. [2] The Milesian philosopher Thales is also said to have studied philosophy in Mesopotamia.
Diogenes of Babylon (also known as Diogenes of Seleucia; Ancient Greek: Διογένης Βαβυλώνιος; Latin: Diogenes Babylonius; c. 230 – c. 150/140 BC [1]) was a Stoic philosopher. He was the head of the Stoic school in Athens , and he was one of three philosophers sent to Rome in 155 BC.
Using ancient Babylonian records and texts that are now lost, Berossus published the Babyloniaca (hereafter, History of Babylonia) in three books some time around 290–278 BCE, by the patronage [7] of the Macedonian/Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter (during the third year of his reign, according to Diodorus Siculus [8] [9] [failed verification]).
Philosophers born in the 1st to 10th centuries (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
Zadig; or, The Book of Fate (French: Zadig ou la Destinée; 1747) is a novella and work of philosophical fiction by the Enlightenment writer Voltaire.It tells the story of Zadig, a Zoroastrian philosopher in ancient Babylonia.
The origins of Babylonian philosophy can be traced back to early Mesopotamian wisdom literature, which embodied certain philosophies of life, particularly ethics, in the forms of dialectic, dialogs, epic poetry, folklore, hymns, lyrics, prose, and proverbs. Babylonian reasoning and rationality developed beyond empirical observation. [59]
The history of philosophy is the field of inquiry that studies the historical development of philosophical thought. It aims to provide a systematic and chronological exposition of philosophical concepts and doctrines, as well as the philosophers who conceived them and the schools of thought to which they belong.
Seleucus of Seleucia (Greek: Σέλευκος Seleukos; born c. 190 BC; fl. c. 150 BC) was a Hellenistic astronomer and philosopher. [1] Coming from Seleucia on the Tigris, Mesopotamia, the capital of the Seleucid Empire, or, alternatively, Seleukia on the Erythraean Sea, [2] [3] he is best known as a proponent of heliocentrism [4] [5] [6] and for his theory of the causes of tides.