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This is a list of unsolved problems in chemistry. Problems in chemistry are considered unsolved when an expert in the field considers it unsolved or when several experts in the field disagree about a solution to a problem.
The aqueous solution in the classical reaction contains glucose, sodium hydroxide and methylene blue. [14] In the first step an acyloin of glucose is formed. The next step is a redox reaction of the acyloin with methylene blue in which the glucose is oxidized to diketone in alkaline solution [6] and methylene blue is reduced to colorless leucomethylene blue.
The iodine clock reaction is a classical chemical clock demonstration experiment to display chemical kinetics in action; it was discovered by Hans Heinrich Landolt in 1886. [1] The iodine clock reaction exists in several variations, which each involve iodine species ( iodide ion, free iodine, or iodate ion) and redox reagents in the presence of ...
Heat from geothermal processes is a standard energy source for chemistry. Other examples include sunlight, lightning, [60] atmospheric entries of micro-meteorites, [168] and implosion of bubbles in sea and ocean waves. [169] This has been confirmed by experiments [170] [171] and simulations. [172]
The late 20th century also saw an expansion of the application of analytical chemistry from somewhat academic chemical questions to forensic, environmental, industrial and medical questions, such as in histology. [7] Modern analytical chemistry is dominated by instrumental analysis. Many analytical chemists focus on a single type of instrument.
Below is a table of amino acids produced and identified in the "classic" 1952 experiment, as analyzed by Miller in 1952 [3] and more recently by Bada and collaborators with modern mass spectrometry, [7] the 2008 re-analysis of vials from the volcanic spark discharge experiment, [7] [55] and the 2010 re-analysis of vials from the H 2 S-rich ...
Because of the very small fusion reaction probability (the fusion cross section is ~ 0.3–0.6 pb or (3–6) × 10 −41 m 2) the experiment took four months and involved a beam dose of 2.5 × 10 19 calcium ions that had to be shot at the californium target to produce the first recorded event believed to be the synthesis of oganesson. [81]
The Rutherford scattering experiments were a landmark series of experiments by which scientists learned that every atom has a nucleus where all of its positive charge and most of its mass is concentrated. They deduced this after measuring how an alpha particle beam is scattered when it strikes a thin metal foil.